• An abstract is a compendious summary of a research paper’s substance including its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion.
• It should be one paragraph with a word limit of 175-275.
• Keywords should be provided as a must (no more than 06 words).
• Keywords should be written in lowercase letters (Not applicable to names/scientific names) and should be separated with commas.
• Please do not include subheadings, bullets, lists and header/footer in the abstract.
• Abstract titles should be short, but descriptive. Informative titles, indicating key points are encouraged. Abbreviations should not be used in the title.
• Acronyms should be written in full the first time, mentioned in the text, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.
• Always follow SI Units.
• Scientific names must be in Italic.
• Use a negative exponent (g. kgm^-3) and do not indicate units as divisions (e.g. kg/m 3).
• Chemical formulae should be written in a standard form such as “CaCO₃”, not as “CaCO3”. Use a zero before decimal points such as “0.45,” not “.45.”
• There shall be no citations or references in the abstract specifically. If there is a need to cite references, please provide the sources in brackets.

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• Title: Times New Roman, 12 points, Upper case, Centered text in bold
• Body: Times New Roman, 11 points; Line spacing: 1, one column of text

AFFILIATIONS

• Affiliations should be indicated with superscript Arabic numbers appearing at the end of surname/family name.
• A superscript asterisk shout be used for the corresponding author
• Names of affiliations should be given including the country.
• If there is more than one name and address, they should be related by superscript numbers.

Ex:-Surname INITIALS 1, Surname INITIALS 1* and Surname INITIALS 21 Department, Faculty, University, Country2 Department, Institute, Country*author@gmail.com (* Email address of the corresponding author)